Scientists are making progress in developing a vaccine against the Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV). Since EBV infects about 95% of the world’s population and is linked to serious diseases, vaccine development has gained global attention — a key health science topic often covered in UPSC coaching in Hyderabad.
About Epstein–Barr Virus
• EBV is a very common and highly contagious virus.
• It belongs to the herpesvirus family and is also known as Human Herpesvirus-4 (HHV-4).
• A large majority of people across the world get infected at some point in their lives.
• The infection is usually mild or unnoticed in many individuals.
Mode of Transmission
• The virus mainly spreads through saliva.
• It can spread through close personal contact such as kissing or sharing utensils.
• In rare cases, it may also spread through blood or organ transplantation.
Who is Affected?
• Most infections occur during childhood or adolescence.
• Teenagers and young adults are more likely to show symptoms.
• Nearly 95% of adults globally carry the virus in a dormant form.
Reactivation and Health Risks
• After initial infection, EBV remains inactive inside the body.
• It can reactivate during periods of weak immunity or severe stress.
• Reactivation has been linked to serious illnesses such as:
• Certain stomach cancers
• Multiple sclerosis (autoimmune disorder)
Common Symptoms
• Sore throat and throat inflammation
• Fever
• Severe tiredness (fatigue)
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Skin rashes
• Enlarged spleen or liver
Treatment and Prevention
• There is no specific antiviral treatment for EBV.
• Care mainly focuses on relieving symptoms.
• Rest, hydration and supportive care help recovery.
• Vaccine research is underway to prevent infection and long-term complications — a development relevant for public health discussions in IAS coaching in Hyderabad and UPSC online coaching.
Conclusion
Although EBV infection is widespread and often harmless, its link to cancer and autoimmune diseases makes vaccine development an important global health priority — a critical science and health governance issue for aspirants preparing through civils coaching in Hyderabad.
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