A recent study by Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, reported high levels of heavy metals in sediments and fish from the Cauvery River, warning against frequent fish consumption due to health risks, especially from cadmium and lead.
Heavy Metal Pollution
- Fish and riverbed sediments showed harmful levels of toxic metals
- Cadmium & Lead crossed safe limits in several fish species
- Pollution levels varied across locations
Sources of Pollution
- Anthropogenic sources (major): Industrial discharge, Agricultural runoff (fertilisers & pesticides), Untreated urban waste
- Natural sources (minor): Mineral-rich zones upstream contribute trace metals
Health Risk Assessment
- Long-term fish consumption can lead to: Cancer risks (carcinogenic), Organ damage & metabolic disorders (non-carcinogenic)
- Higher risk groups: Children, elderly, pregnant women
- Safe consumption: ~250 g fish, twice a week (as per study estimate)
Bioaccumulation
- Metals accumulate in fish tissues (especially liver, gills, muscles)
- Potential biomagnification in food chain
Implications
- Public Health Concern: Regular exposure may cause: Kidney & liver damage, Neurological issues, Increased cancer risk
- Environmental Impact: Disturbed river ecology, Threat to aquatic biodiversity
Recommendations:
- Continuous water & fish monitoring
- Stronger effluent control & enforcement
- Public advisories on safe fish intake
- Better waste-treatment systems in industrial & agricultural areas
Significance
- Provides fresh data for policymakers & health authorities
- Highlights urgent need for river protection and pollution management
- Links urbanisation, industry & agriculture to river ecosystem decline
Conclusion:
Heavy metals in Cauvery fish may harm health if eaten regularly, especially due to cadmium and lead contamination. Experts advise moderate consumption and stronger pollution control to protect people and the river ecosystem.
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