As per the 2025 Asiatic lion census, the population has risen to 891 from 674 in 2020.N Union Environment Minister highlighted this as a global example of wildlife conservation on World Lion Day celebrations in Gujarat.
Key Highlights of the 2025 Census
- Current Population: 891 Asiatic lions.
- Habitat: Exclusively found in Gir and surrounding areas of Gujarat.
- Growth Pattern: Significant increase in last five years due to sustained conservation efforts.
Government Initiatives for Lion Conservation
- Project Lion – Focused on habitat improvement, prey base expansion, and conflict mitigation.
- Barda Wildlife Sanctuary Development – Declared as an additional habitat for lions.
- Community Involvement : Pastoralist Maldhari community praised for coexisting with lions.
- Considered a global model for human–wildlife harmony.
Other Big Cat Conservation Measures
- International Big Cat Alliance – Covers conservation of five big cat species in India.
- Tiger Reserves: Increased from 47 to 58; India holds 70% of global tiger population.
- Snow Leopard Conservation: 714 individuals recorded in India.
- Cheetah Reintroduction: African cheetahs successfully rehabilitated in Indian habitats.
Global Cooperation
- PM Modi’s call for collaboration among 97 countries hosting big cats, including jaguar and puma, using knowledge sharing, AI, and technology.
State-Level Developments
- Gujarat CM launched ₹189 crore eco-development projects at Barda, including:
- Safari park.
- Interpretation centre.
- Breeding centre.
Significance
- Demonstrates India’s leadership in species-specific conservation projects like Project Lion, Project Tiger, and Project Elephant.
- Shows how community participation and scientific management can ensure long-term survival of endangered species.
LION CENSUS (ASIATIC LIONS IN GIR)
- Conducted every 5 years by the Gujarat Forest Department to count Asiatic lions, mostly found in Gir National Park and surrounding areas.
- The latest estimates show a steady increase in population, reflecting successful conservation.
- Uses direct sighting, camera traps, and GPS tracking for accuracy.
- Helps in planning habitat protection, reducing human–lion conflict, and monitoring health.
MALDHARI TRIBE
- Pastoral nomadic community living inside and around Gir forest in Gujarat.
- Traditionally rear cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats for milk and livelihood.
- Have coexisted with lions for centuries, but face challenges due to restrictions on grazing inside protected areas.
- Government offers rehabilitation schemes to relocate willing families outside the forest for better access to education, healthcare, and jobs.
