Why in News?
Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) recently identified two new lichen moth species — Caulocera hollowayi and Asura buxa from the Eastern Himalayan region — a biodiversity discovery often analysed in UPSC coaching in Hyderabad while studying species discovery and ecosystem indicators.
About the Newly Discovered Species
1. Caulocera hollowayi
• Identified from specimens collected near Golitar in Sikkim.
• Distinguished by unique wing patterns, colour bands, and microscopic morphological features.
• These characteristics differentiate it from other moths within the genus Caulocera.
2. Asura buxa
• Discovered from the Panijhora region in West Bengal.
• Recognized by its distinct wing colouration and internal anatomical structures.
• Taxonomic analysis confirmed it as a previously undocumented species within the genus Asura — a concept frequently discussed in IAS coaching in Hyderabad while preparing biodiversity topics for UPSC.
About Lichen Moths
• Lichen moths belong to the family Erebidae within the order Lepidoptera.
• Their larvae feed primarily on lichens, which grow on rocks, trees, and soil surfaces.
• They are typically found in moist forest ecosystems, especially in mountainous regions.
Ecological Role
• Lichens are highly sensitive to air pollution, making lichen moths important bio-indicators.
• Their presence indicates healthy ecosystems with clean air.
• Declining populations may signal environmental degradation or pollution, a topic often discussed in UPSC online coaching and civils coaching in Hyderabad while studying environmental indicators and biodiversity conservation.
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