URBANISATION AND THE CHALLENGE OF IDEAL TRANSIT SOLUTIONS
TOPIC: (GS3) ECONOMY: THE HINDU
India’s journey towards becoming a developed nation by 2047 includes urban expansion, which demands better public transport systems. The discussion around cost-effective transit options like trams and e-buses has gained focus in light of growing urban mobility needs.
India’s Urban Shift and Transport Needs
- Over 60% of India’s population is expected to live in urban areas by the 2060s.
- Existing large cities are expanding, and smart cities are still underdeveloped.
- Managing daily commuting needs in such urban settings is a growing challenge.
Government’s Recent Initiatives
- In the Union Budget, the government launched:
- PM e-Bus Sewa to deploy 10,000 e-buses.
- PM e-Drive scheme to support 14,000 e-buses, 1.1 lakh e-rickshaws, and other electric vehicles.
- However, India needs 2 lakh urban buses, but only 35,000 are functional, far below the actual demand.
- Metro networks are being expanded, yet they remain expensive and underutilised.
Concerns with Current Urban Transit
- Only 37% of urban residents in India have easy access to public transport.
- Comparatively, countries like China and Brazil offer better access (>50%).
- Metro systems, though helpful, face:
- High costs, both in construction and operation.
- Low ridership and fare sensitivity among users.
- Poor last-mile connectivity, discouraging use.
Need for Cheaper, Reliable Alternatives
- Government focus has shifted to electric buses, but they have high maintenance and replacement costs.
- Private investors show hesitation due to low profit margins.
- Trams and trolleybuses, which are often ignored, offer better long-term financial and environmental gains. Trams show 45% profitability over 70 years, E-buses result in 82% net loss over the same period.
Way Forward
- India must evaluate transport solutions based on cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and coverage.
- The planned tram system in Kochi could be a model for future urban transit.
- Rather than relying solely on subsidies, India needs balanced, scalable transit investments.
Conclusion:
India’s urban transport planning must focus on long-term, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions. Reviving efficient modes like trams can ensure inclusive mobility and support climate goals.
