A recent explosion near Delhi’s Red Fort (Nov 10), which caused multiple casualties, showcased the vital importance of forensic science in modern crime investigation.
Primary Responsibilities of Forensic Experts
- Immediate Scene Examination: Experts from the Delhi Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) reach the blast site swiftly, often within an hour, to work alongside police officials.
- Their first task is to observe and collect physical evidence while maintaining the integrity of the crime scene.
- Collection and Preservation of Evidence: Samples like metal fragments, vehicle parts, carbon residues, wires, and soil are collected.
- These are analyzed to determine the explosive type and triggering mechanism. Quick laboratory tests help identify whether the explosion was accidental or deliberate.
Scientific Analysis Techniques:
- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) help in identifying chemical compositions of explosive residues.
- Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are used to analyze micro-particles and trace elements from the blast site.
- Thermal analysis techniques help study chemical activity and stability of residues.
Fire and Spread Analysis:
- Fire mapping, flashpoint testing, and laser-based scene mapping are done to study how the fire spread and identify combustible materials that might have intensified the explosion.
Coordination Between Divisions
- Multiple divisions of the forensic lab — such as chemistry, biology, physics, and cyber forensics — collaborate during such cases.
- DNA analysis helps identify victims, while cyber experts analyze CCTV footage and digital evidence to trace suspects.
- This multi-disciplinary approach ensures accuracy and strengthens the prosecution’s scientific evidence in court.
Challenges in Forensic Investigation
- Contaminated evidence due to crowded or unsecured sites.
- Lack of modern equipment and trained manpower in smaller states.
- Time constraints and pressure from media and public expectations.
Conclusion
Forensic experts form the scientific backbone of any blast investigation. Their meticulous analysis not only identifies the type and source of the explosion but also assists in apprehending culprits and preventing future incidents. Strengthening forensic capacity is essential for national security, counterterrorism, and criminal justice reform in India.
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