A newly identified snake species and a possibly new bird species were recently found in Great Nicobar Island, highlighting its rich biodiversity. These discoveries raise concerns about the ecological impact of the proposed mega infrastructure project in the region.
Recent Biodiversity Findings
- Since 2021, around 40 new species have been recorded from Great Nicobar.
- These include:
- Lycodon irwini: A rare wolf snake named after Steve Irwin, found only four times.
- Great Nicobar Crake (Rallina sp.): A bird with unique features, possibly a new species.
- Other new species: frogs (2), crabs (4), geckos (2), and various insects.
- Nearly half of these species were described in 2025, showing ongoing discoveries.
Ecological Significance of Great Nicobar
- The island hosts:
- 650 plant species and 1,800 animal species.
- 24% endemism in some faunal groups.
- It contains one of the best-preserved tropical rainforests in India.
- Regular discoveries indicate high genetic diversity and ecological sensitivity.
Challenges of the Infrastructure Project
- Habitat destruction: Large-scale construction may damage pristine forest ecosystems.
- Threat to endemic species: Rare and newly discovered species face extinction risks.
- Limited ecological data: Many species are poorly studied, making impact assessment difficult.
- Disruption of tribal communities: Indigenous groups may lose access to traditional lands and resources.
Way Forward
- Comprehensive biodiversity surveys: Conduct detailed ecological studies before project approval.
- Protected status for rare species: Classify newly found species under IUCN Red List and national protection laws.
- Eco-sensitive zoning: Restrict development in high-biodiversity zones and buffer areas.
- Community-led conservation: Involve local tribes and researchers in monitoring and safeguarding habitats.
Conclusion
The Great Nicobar region is a biodiversity hotspot with many species still being discovered. Any development must balance economic goals with ecological responsibility, ensuring long-term sustainability and protection of India’s natural heritage.
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