The Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly has successfully produced indigenous Sahiwal cattle calves using advanced reproductive biotechnology. Such developments in agricultural science are important for aspirants preparing through IAS coaching in Hyderabad, UPSC online coaching, and other civil services preparation programs.
Sahiwal Cattle
• Origin: Named after the Sahiwal area in Montgomery district (now in Pakistan).
• Other Names: Lambi Bar, Lola, Montgomery, Multani, Teli.
• Appearance: Brownish red coat (from mahogany red to greyish red); bulls darker; occasional white patches.
• Milk Yield: Average lactation ~2,325 kg (range: 1,600–2,750 kg).
Unique Traits
• High milk productivity.
• Heat tolerance and tick resistance.
• Strong resistance to internal and external parasites.
• Global Demand: Exported to Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean due to adaptability in hot climates.
Understanding such indigenous breeds is important for students preparing through UPSC coaching in Hyderabad and Hyderabad IAS coaching institutes, where agriculture and animal husbandry are key parts of the UPSC syllabus.
OPU–IVF–ET Technology
• Ovum Pick Up (OPU): Collects oocytes from live animals using ultrasound and vacuum needle.
• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Fertilization of oocytes outside the body.
• Embryo Transfer (ET): Cultured embryos implanted into synchronized recipient cows.
Advantages
• Produces offspring of known pedigree.
• Reduces generation interval.
• Can be performed even on pregnant animals (<100 days gestation).
• Boosts genetic improvement in indigenous breeds.
These scientific techniques are frequently discussed in IAS coaching and civils coaching in Hyderabad, helping aspirants understand biotechnology applications in agriculture.
Significance
• Enhances conservation and productivity of indigenous breeds like Sahiwal.
• Supports India’s dairy sector by improving milk yield and resilience.
• Reduces dependence on exotic breeds, ensuring sustainable livestock development.
• Strengthens rural economy and food security through better cattle genetics.
Such applications are widely analysed in UPSC online coaching and structured UPSC coaching in Hyderabad programs.
Conclusion
It combines conservation of native breeds with modern science, ensuring higher productivity, resilience, and long-term sustainability of India’s dairy sector. For aspirants preparing through IAS coaching in Hyderabad, UPSC coaching in Hyderabad, and civils coaching in Hyderabad, such topics are crucial for mastering agriculture and science & technology sections in UPSC.
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