Why in News?
Renewed tensions between Thailand and Cambodia have brought the Preah Vihear Temple dispute back into focus. This international relations and culture topic is important for aspirants preparing through IAS coaching in Hyderabad, UPSC coaching in Hyderabad, and UPSC online coaching.
Location and Geographical Significance
• Situated in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia.
• Located atop the Dangrek Mountains, overlooking Thailand.
• Unique feature: access is easier from Thailand side, causing disputes.
• Strategic location gives it military and symbolic importance.
Historical Background
• Constructed during the Khmer Empire (11th–12th century).
• Initiated by Suryavarman I and expanded by Suryavarman II.
• Functioned as a major religious centre for over 800 years.
• Originally a Hindu temple, later adapted into a Buddhist site.
Architectural Features
• Represents classic Khmer temple design.
• Built along an 800-meter axial layout.
• Consists of multiple gopuras (gateway towers).
• Connected through stone pathways and staircases.
• Elevated terraces reflect cosmic symbolism (Mount Meru concept).
Dispute and Legal Status
• Conflict dates back to colonial-era boundary agreements (1904).
• Thailand disputed the border alignment.
• International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruling (1962) awarded ownership to Cambodia.
• Despite ruling, tensions persisted due to territorial claims.
UNESCO Recognition
• Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site (2008).
• Recognition increased both tourism value and political tensions.
Conclusion
The Preah Vihear Temple dispute highlights how historical heritage, geography, and geopolitics intersect in international relations. For aspirants preparing through IAS coaching and civils coaching in Hyderabad, this topic is highly relevant for GS1 Culture and GS2 International Relations.
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