The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways has proposed structural protection and tourism development works at Indira Point lighthouse, located on Great Nicobar Island, India’s southernmost tip. This topic is important for aspirants preparing for GS1 Geography and coastal infrastructure management through upsc coaching in Hyderabad.
Indira Point
• Location: Southernmost point of India, in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
• Proximity: Lies south of Galathea Bay, where a transshipment port is planned.
• History: Earlier called Pygmalion Point, renamed in 1985 after PM Indira Gandhi’s death.
• Lighthouse: Commissioned in 1972, 35 m tall, red-white cast iron tower.
• Function: Serves as a navigational aid on the Singapore–Colombo maritime route.
Protection & Development Proposal
• Structural repair and strengthening of lighthouse foundation.
• Construction of all-weather approach road.
• Shore protection works (breakwaters).
• Development of powerhouse, inspection facility, and staff quarters.
• Tourism initiatives: eco-tourism, viewing tower, cycle tracks, museum, convention centre, memorial structure.
Coastal Regulation Framework
• Works fall under Island Coastal Regulation Zone (ICRZ) Notification, 2019.
• Requires clearance from UT Coastal Zone Authority and Union Environment Ministry.
• ICRZ IA: Most sensitive zones – mangroves, coral reefs, turtle nesting grounds.
• ICRZ IVA: Seaward areas up to 12 nautical miles.
Why Protection is Needed
• 2004 Tsunami & Earthquake: Caused land subsidence (~2.04 m) at Nicobar Islands.
• Lighthouse base submerged; nearby structures destroyed.
• IIT Madras assessment: Foundation exposed to seawater, erosion, and wave action.
• Current tilt of 3.86°, though structurally stable, requires urgent strengthening.
Broader Significance
• Maritime Security: Key navigational landmark for Indo-Pacific shipping routes.
• Tourism Potential: Can be developed as a sustainable hub at India’s southernmost point.
• Environmental Concerns: Balancing infrastructure with fragile coastal ecosystems.
• Strategic Context: Linked to Great Nicobar Island mega project, part of India’s Act East and Indo-Pacific strategy.
Conclusion
The Indira Point initiative reflects India’s effort to preserve a vital maritime landmark while promoting eco-tourism, highlighting the challenge of balancing development with ecological protection in sensitive island zones.
